The Integumentary Organ System Biology Essay

The Integumentary Organ System Biology Essay The integumentary system is the organ system that is made up of the skin, which can be hair, feather, nails, and scales. The integumentary system is vital to an organism because it acts as a shield and protects the organism from the outside environment like the weather, infectious organisms and acts as an touch and pain receptor. The integumentary system consists of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The integumentary system is different for the four dissection animals. The earthworm has a moist, lubricated body to help it burrow through the earth. The crayfish has a hard exoskeleton, which really very different integumentary system than the other organisms, to protect itself from sharp objects and other predators. The grass frog has skin, which is waterproof to avoid water loss and dehydration. Lastly, the white rat has a short length of fur on the epidermis to aid it in maintaining homeostasis by regulating temperature. The advantages of these varieties in the organisms depend on the environment they live in. For example, the grass frog has a moist waterproof layer of skin because it lives in a wet habitat such as a pond or lake. This allows it to move in the water and come up on dry land if needed. The skin allows enough water to osmose into and hydrate the body but keeps excess water out. Some disadvantages of moist skins are that organisms will need to stay near sources of water or else they will get dehydrated and die. The earthworm who lives underground relies on its moist skin to be able to move through the soil. It also has the ability to create lubricating liquid which helps it move. An advantage it has is because its segmented, it is very flexible. However, the disadvantage is its size. Because the earthworm is so small and has little to no protection because of its thin layer of skin, it can easily be crushed by other animals. The crayfish relies on its hard exoskeleton shell for protectio n. It has tiny little hairs on its legs that can sense movements in the water. The disadvantage of the crayfish is that once the shell is gone, it will be exposed to danger and easily killed. The rat with its fur on top of a thin layer of skin can keep warm. It has whiskers on its snout and nails on its feet and the tail has rough hardened skin. A disadvantage could be wet fur can lower its body temperature. Also, with mouse traps like sticky ones, it can trap the rat because of its fur. As evolution made changes, it required new forms of integumentary systems. The first forms of animals which were fish were cold-blooded and up to the reptiles, they all had either scales or moist skin. As the earliest animals, they lived in the water and their scales confined them to the water. The amphibians lived mostly on water but were able to come up to dry land but not for long. The first class of animals that were warm-blooded are birds. They needed a way to keep a temperature that is at their homeostatic level so they have feathers. This helped them keep warm and also allowed them to fly. In mammals, which are also warm-blooded, have fur or hair. This allows them to keep warm and maintain homeostasis. The disadvantages of furred animals are if there is a sudden change in weather like a heat wave, then thickly furred animals will die from the heat. The integumentary system is a vital part of an organism which has its advantages and disadvantages depending on its environment. Muscle and Skeletal System The muscle system is the organ system which allows an organism to move. In vertebrates, the muscle system is controlled by the nervous system. There are three types of muscles which are: skeletal, cardiac, and heart muscles. The muscle system is very important to an organism because it provides strength, posture, and the ability to move for an organism. The skeletal system is the reason why an animal has its form and shape. It also acts as a protective cage for all the important and vital organs in the body. Also, it allows organisms to move the way they do. There are three different kinds of skeletons. The first one is an endoskeleton. An animal with an endoskeleton has a skeleton inside its body like a human being. The second is an exoskeleton, which occurs in animals like crabs. Last is a hydro skeleton, where there isnt really a skeleton but is a fluid-filled cavity. In our dissection animals, we can see that there are many differences in the animals muscle and skeletal system. The worm has a hydro skeleton body and it relies on its muscles to be able to move around by using muscular contraction. The worm has an advantage because it has a hydro skeleton which allows it to be very flexible. Evolution probably played a role in giving the earthworm an amazing ability. It has the power to regenerate lost segments in its body. It has great anabolic capabilities in its muscles, and in any case that it loses a couple of segments, then it can just regenerate it back. This can make up for its weak skeleton. Its disadvantages are it can easily be crushed because of its weak skeleton. In the crayfish, it has a exoskeleton which gives it good protection. Evolution played a role in making them have hard exoskeletons to survive in competitive waters. Also, because it has an exoskeleton it is an advantage and disadvantage. With its exoskeleton it has better pro tection but when it molts, it will be at its most vulnerable to predators and danger. The crayfish is divided into two segments: which are the abdomen and cephalothorax. It relies on its muscles in its eight legs used for moving around and a pair of strong pincers for getting food, attacking and defending itself. Also, it has a tail which is used to propel itself forward. The frog has a endoskeleton. It has long hind legs that allow to them to leap, jump, and swim away from danger. I believe that evolution has made frogs have strong powerful legs. Its long femur and powerful femur and tibias play a role in their survival. Last but not least, there is the rat which has a endoskeleton. The rat is similar to the frog but has smaller arm and leg bones and muscles. The rat relies on strong incisors and muscles for gnawing. Evolution played a role in rats because they must adapt to their food source. Therefore, they must have incisors which are accustomed to their food source. One last thing is the differences between invertebrates and vertebrates. Invertebrates are animals which have no back bone and vertebrates do. The worm and crayfish are invertebrates while the frog and rat are vertebrates. The muscle and skeletal system are important to organisms because they give them their form and shape and the ability to move. Also those two systems help them survive in their environments. Digestive System In all animals, the digestive system is an important system that breaks eaten food down into small enough pieces in order to diffuse into the cell and make feces as a way to get rid of the waste from digestion. This system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestine, rectum, and lastly the anus. Starting at the mouth when you smell the good food, your mouth will release an enzyme called salivary amylase that will lubricate the food so it will be able to go down the esophagus. After chewing and the food is drenched in the amylase, it will go down the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube like structure leading from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach is the organ that stores food, contains catabolic enzymes and produces acid to break down the food, and is responsible for killing microbes in the food we eat. When it leaves the stomach, the food would be in a liquid form and be able to enter the small intestine. There, the small intestine will finish the digestion process started by the stomach and further break the food down by the catabolic enzymes. Once the food is broken down into either disaccharides, fats, nucleic acids, or any smaller form, it will be absorbed and enter the blood stream straight into the cells to be used as energy. In the large intestine, any unabsorbed food, waste material, will be formed into feces. Also, it will reabsorb water and help create new good bacteria. Lastly, the feces will exit the body by the rectum, then out the anus into the environment. In the earthworm, we see a difference in the digestive system. It has a mouth, esophagus, but a crop and gizzard. The crop is where the swallowed food are stored. The gizzard is where all the food are broken down. Because the earthworm has no teeth, it uses rocks that were swallowed and its strong muscles to break down the food. It goes through the rest of the digestive process and the feces exit through the anus. For the crayfish, it uses its mandible and maxillas to take food in. It goes through the esophagus and into the stomach. The crayfish stomach is specialized to grind food up to be digested. It goes through the intestines, rectum, and lastly, out through the anus. In the frog, its long tongue snatches prey into its mouth, however it has weak maxillary teeth. It has the same digestive organs. The rat, has the same digestive organs as the frog. However, the liver is the largest organ in the rat. I believe for the rat, evolution made the rats liver larger because as rats became situated in the industrial and urbanized environment, it had to adapt to the new food sources, like trash and dirty food. Therefore, the liver became important in order for the rat to safely eat the food and not get intoxicated or sick. The digestive system is important to organisms because without them, there would be no way for them to survive as they wont be able to provide nutrients and energy to their cells. Respiratory System The respiratory system is the system in animals which is responsible for bringing in fresh oxygen to the lungs and to breathe out carbon dioxide. This system is made up of the nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm. In fishes they contain gills, and in some organisms, they do not have any respiratory organs and use the skin to take in oxygen. When animals breath in, oxygen would go into the nose then mouth. The air travels down the trachea and then into either the left or right bronchi then into the bronchiole tubes, which then leads into the lungs. The oxygen would then fill up tiny sacs called alveoli. As blood flows through the capillaries, oxygen will then diffuse into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli and travel out the respiratory system. In our dissection animals, we see a variety of differences. In the earthworm, it does not possess any form of respiratory organs. It only takes in oxygen through the skin and in return expels carbon dioxide with the same method. In the crayfish, its gills are responsible for getting oxygen. Gills act as filters that pushes water out and trap the oxygen from the water. The oxygen is then able to diffuse into the bloodstream and the carbon dioxide diffuses out. For the grass frog, it works the same way as the earthworm. However, in its early stages of life which is being a tadpole, it has gills. In its adult stage, it will be able to use its lungs and also take in oxygen by absorbing oxygen through its skin. In the rat, it is similar to a human being. It will breathe in oxygen through its nose then go into the trachea, bronchi, bronchiole tube, into the lungs, in the alveoli, exchange gases, then the CO2 will exit out the system. The differences in organs can relate to evolution. For example, when the frog evolved into its amphibious state, it needed to be able to breathe on land. Therefore, it went from gills, to lungs when it morphed into its adult stage. I dont think the earthworm and crayfish had any minor changes in their system because they have been on this planet for a long time and their environments do not require them to have any adaptations. Therefore, the respiratory system is a vital system to organisms because they are responsible for taking and exchanging the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide in our body. Circulatory System The circulatory system is responsible for circulating oxygenated blood throughout the body. The heart is the main organ which is responsible for this, and is also the second most vital organ in the body. The process of which blood travels throughout the body is first entering the right atrium, then down into the right ventricle, then into the lungs. As oxygen diffuses into the un-oxygenated blood by passing the alveoli, it travels back into the left atrium and down the left ventricle then out into the aorta for the whole body. In our dissection animals there are many differences in their circulatory system. The earthworm has five hearts in total. It has long blood vessels to carry blood throughout its body. In the crayfish, it only has one heart and is a two chambered heart. Blood vessels also bring blood throughout its body. In the frog, it has one heart and has three chambers. Blood vessels and arteries bring the blood throughout the body. Lastly, the white rat has one heart and is a four chambered heart. Blood vessels and arteries carry the blood throughout the body. The advantages of the different chambered hearts are that the more chambers there are, the more oxygen will be available to the blood. The disadvantages are there is less oxygen available for the blood to carry; for example, the frog has a three chambered heart. In the ventricle, the oxygenated and un-oxygenated blood will get mixed and therefore, carry less oxygen. I think that evolution played a role in evolving the organisms hearts, because animals like the rat that require quick movement, needs more than two chambers to provide sufficient oxygen throughout the body to function at its best. In conclusion, the circulatory is a vital organ in an organism which provides oxygenated blood throughout the body.

Africans Living With Hiv Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionIn January 2000 the United Nations Security Council held an historic meeting ; for the first clip the Council declaring that HIV/AIDS, is wellness issues of security menace ( Elbe, 2002 )[ 1 ]. In â€Å" 2006, the US National Security Strategy declared that â€Å" the hazards to societal order are so great that traditional public wellness attacks may be unequal, asking new schemes and responses ‘ ( Collins. 2007, pp: 422 )[ 2 ]. the shifting in the security conceptualisation to including the disease threats as one of grounds which concern the homo, national and international security. In 2009, HIV/AIDS killed 1.8 million people, 1.3 million of whom were populating in sub-Saharan Africa. Major advancement has been made in presenting life-saving intervention for people populating with HIV/AIDS, but 15 million people are in demand of intervention globally, 10.6 million of whom are populating in Africa ( Alexandra E. Kendall, 2011, p:5 )[ 3 ]. The entire figure of Africans populating with HIV or AIDS is now 25.3 million. In 8 African states, at least 15 % of grownups are infected. In these states, AIDS will claim the lives of around a 3rd of today ‘s 15-year-olds in Africa[ 4 ]. South Africa besides has one of the highest Numberss of kids under 15 life with HIV/AIDS in the universe ; estimations range from 180,000 to 280,000[ 5 ]. It is estimated that over 15 million kids worldwide have been orphaned by AIDS, with 13 million of these populating in sub-Saharan Africa. In the worst-affected states, such as Zambia and Botswana, it is estimated that 20 % of kids under 17 are orphans. ( Sophie Lister, 2010 )[ 6 ]. This essay examine the drive factors and the impact of the HIVAIDS on international surveies or security surveies to be exact. I would wish to denote in my study to Africa as instance survey to analyze how this deadly disease affected the life aspects in this part. In the first portion, I will discourse how the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa, where I will touch the major causes of infection and transmittal, and besides I will mention to the driving factors of and aid to the growing and spread of HIV / AIDS in Africa, and in the 2nd portion I will mention to the Threats and Effects of AIDS on Africa continent, Where I will reexamine the impact of AIDS on National Armed Forces, Political Stability Of State, consequence HIV/AIDS on Administrative corruptness And besides I will discourse the function of AIDS in impairment of African IdentitiesWhy Spread of HIV / AIDS in Africa Continent? And How?Between 1999 and 2000 more people died of AIDS in Africa than in all the wars on the continent, as mentioned by the UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan[ 7 ]. The decease toll is expected to hold a terrible impact on many economic systems in the part. In some states, it is already being felt. Life anticipations in some states is already diminishing quickly, while mortality rates are increasing. â€Å" Second millenary began with 24 million Africans infected with the virus. Each twenty-four hours, 6,000 Africans die from AIDS. Each twenty-four hours, an extra 11,000 are infected † ( Lester R. Brown, HIV Epidemic Restructuring Africa ‘s Population )[ 8 ].The Main Causes who lead to familial HIV/AIDSThere are merely three important paths of transmittal for HIV: From infected sexual fluids From infected blood From infected female parent to pamper during gestation and bringing ( if a pregnant adult female is HIV-positive, the babe has a 1 in 3 opportunity of being infected )[ 9 ]. Unprotected sexual intercourse ( either vaginal or anal ) with person who has HIV. Sexual contact. This is by far the most common manner that HIV spreads. HIV is present in the seeds of an septic adult male and in the vaginal fluids of an septic adult female. When two people have sex and exchange organic structure fluids, HIV may distribute from one spouse to the other. Anal sex is riskier than vaginal sex because the anal tissue is more prone to rupturing during sex than the vaginal tissue. HIV is besides transmitted through unwritten sex, though it is much less common. However, if you contract HIV through unwritten sex, transmittal is 100 % for you[ 10 ]. Sharing acerate leafs or panpipes with person who is HIV septic. Lab surveies show that infective HIV can last in used panpipes for a month or more. That ‘s why people who inject drugs should ne'er recycle or portion panpipes, H2O, or drug readying equipment. This includes acerate leafs or panpipes used to shoot illegal drugs such as diacetylmorphine, every bit good as steroids. Other types of acerate leafs, such as those used for organic structure piercing and tattoos, can besides transport HIV[ 11 ]. There are an estimated 250,000 new infections per twelvemonth as a consequence of the reuse of acerate leafs and panpipes[ 12 ], and in Africa 250 to 500 people are freshly infected with HIV each twenty-four hours as a consequence of insecure blood transfusions[ 13 ].Testing of blood is indispensable but remains absent in many low and middle-income states[ 14 ]. Infection during gestation, childbearing, or breast-feeding ( mother-to-infant transmittal ) . Any adult female who is pregnant or sing going pregnant and thinks she may hold been exposed to HIV-even if the exposure occurred old ages ago-should seek testing and guidance. Those who test positive can acquire drugs to forestall HIV from being passed on to a foetus or baby, and they are counseled non to breast-feed[ 15 ].Driving Factors for Spread HIV/AIDS in Africa:Impact Of Poverty On AIDS In AfricaAlthough there are legion factors that lead to the distributing HIV/AIDS in Africa continent, it is mostly recognized as a disease of poorness, hitting hardest where people are marginalized and enduring economic adversity. The intensifying poorness across the continent has created fertile land for the spread of the HIV/AIDS and infective diseases. Worsening living conditions and decreased entree to basic wellness services have led to distribute of AIDS/HIV[ 16 ]. Lack of money is an obvious challenge, it can drive many immature adult females and misss into forms of sex work in order to guarantee their support or that of their household, or else to obtain safe transition, nutrient, shelter or other resources. Emergencies can besides take to new forms of sex work, for case, in Mozambique the inflow of human-centered workers and transporters, such as truck drivers, can do sex workers to travel to the country. In northern Kenya, for case, drouth has led to a lessening in clients for sex workers, and the consequence is that sex workers are less able to defy their clients ‘ refusal to have on rubbers[ 17 ].Human Demographics and BehaviorPopulation growing, peculiarly in the Africa, will go on to ease the transportation of AIDS pandemic among people and parts. Frequent and frequently sudden population motions within and across boundary lines caused by cultural struggle, civil war, and dearth have been blamed for the spread diseases quickly in affected countries, peculiarly among the refugees. Refugee cantonments, found chiefly in Sub-Saharan Africa, have been identified to distribute of catching disease, such as HIV/AIDS. Well over 120 million people lived outside the state of their birth in 1998, and 1000000s more will emigrate yearly, increasing the spread of diseases globally. Behavioral forms, such as unprotected sex with multiple spouses and endovenous drug usage, will stay cardinal factors in the spread of HIV/AIDS[ 18 ].Medical IntuitionAs a consequence of several high profile incidents affecting Western medical practicians[ 19 ]every bit good as historically hapless intervention by outside powers, there are high degrees of medical intuition throughout Africa. This misgiving for modern medical specialty is frequently linked to theories of a â€Å" Western Plot †[ 20 ]of mass sterilisation or population decrease. There is grounds that such rumours may hold a important impact on the usage of medical services[ 21 ].Menaces and Effectss of AIDS:AIDS Has Negatively Affected On National Armed ForcesIn footings of the military deductions lifting from pandemic of HIV/AIDS, a convincing statement was proposed that the epidemic has negatively affected national armed forces[ 22 ]. ( Elbe,2002 ) notes that HIV rates among African armed forcess are consistently higher than the rates of the populations of the continent at big. He argues that soldiers are normally recruited from a pool of sexually active age ; their likeliness to undergo unprotected sexual dealingss as a manner to cut down their anxiousness is high. Furthermore, as soldiers trained for combat, they are more likely to ‘valorize violent and hazardous behavior ‘ in a military environment that is known to pull sex workers[ 23 ]. These facets are thought to be playing a major function in exposing the armed forces to sexually familial viruses such as HIV. It is relevant to foreground the links between AIDS in the military and the hazards for security. It is noted that AIDS is the primary cause of decease in the armed forces[ 24 ]. The epidemic can arouse, in already deteriorated ground forcess, ‘a unsafe weakening of military capablenesss ‘ by doing the loss, of non merely regular soldiers but more significantly, the decease of specialised forces and officers, â€Å" Estimates of HIV infection rates among regional ground forcess are every bit high as 50 % in Congo and Angola, 66 % in Uganda, 75 % in Malawi, and 80 % in Zimbabwe. It is the figure one cause of deceases in many ground forcess, including those like Congo ‘s which have been at war often over the last decennary 20th, It permeates the South African military to the extent that soldiers ( every bit good as constabulary ) are prohibited from giving blood † . Additionally, it was found that a lessening in preparedness and morale could hold a negative impact on the ground forces abilities to execute their responsibilities, h ence undermining deployment effectivity. From a realist ( province ) position, it is possible to reason that this ‘hollowing out ‘ and diminution in efficiency of African armed forcess may be perceived by an enemy as an chance for onslaught, hence doing HIV/AIDS a significant menace to national security.HIV/AIDS Threatens Political Stability Of StateA big portion of the literature on HIV/AIDS is dedicated to the harmful deductions of the epidemic on national armed forcess and its deterioration effects on war, while sometimes excluding the extent to which African administration has been affected. It has been argued that HIV/AIDS may set greater strains on already weakened cardinal province establishments, and its erosion effects are said to lend to possible province failure. The epidemic can sabotage African administration by doing the decease of big Numberss of forces indispensable to running efficient regulating establishments. De Waal underscores that authorities retai ner with strong political experience and professional accomplishments are cardinal to good working province organic structures. However HIV/AIDS has doing major losingss among staff possessing those properties. Furthermore, this loss in human resources would damage the lesson of the staying workers further underselling the efficiency of those national organic structures[ 25 ]. This has been replicated in several sectors, but the important point is that the virus in Africa â€Å" has tended to claim the lives of the most productive members of society, who are non easy replaced † such as instructors, wellness workers and civil retainers[ 26 ]. Second, political discontent refering the handling of the issue by authoritiess may besides originate, endangering the political stableness of the province. As cardinal establishments weaken, the assurance in authorities can diminish, and as McInnes suggests dissatisfaction may emerge from the dependence on foreign assistance[ 27 ]. This state of affairs may supply chances for ‘coups, rebellions and other political and cultural battles to procure control over resources ‘ leting warlords to make full the power vacuity and take control over certain countries[ 28 ]. This demonstrates that HIV/AIDS can lend to province failure in Africa and therefore can be considered as a major menace.HIV/AIDS Stimulates Administrative corruptness among authorities employeesIt was highlighted that corruptness has risen amongst authorities functionaries or civil retainers who are unable to afford HIV interventions for themselves or household members through lawful agencies[ 29 ]. De Waal is of sentiment that HIV/AIDS has negatively impacted population abilities to take part in the political life. He suggests that HIV/AIDS has damaged civil society due to the loss of members in administrations advancing a healthy civil society. Furthermore, because household precedences lie in caring for the sick, it is apprehensible that the population ‘readiness ‘ to take portion in elections has diminished. This combined with the de-institutionalisation of authoritiess through the loss of experient forces can in turn lead to the farther centralization of power in the manus of little opinion elite, which already characterized many African authoritiess ; hence sabotaging the development of democratic procedures at national degree[ 30 ].HIV/AIDS and The Deterioration of African IdentitiesHIV/AIDS can besides be involved in the impairment of individualities among the population of Africa, which can later present menace to African societies. As people infected by the virus are stigmatized, they become more vulnerable[ 31 ]. A more direct mechanism by which the new demographics of AIDS can rise security hazards is through its creative activity of a new pool of orphans, amplifying the kid soldier job. By 2010, over 40 million kids will lose one or both of their parents to AIDS, including 1/3 of all kids in the h ardest hit states. These include 2.7 million in Nigeria, 2.5 million in Ethiopia, and 1.8 million in South Africa. Because, they are HIV positive, their households and communities may reject them, hence losing a sense of belonging. This state of affairs creates chances for warlords to enroll those victims on the land of cultural bitterness for case, therefore fuelling cultural force. A peculiarly vulnerable population group are kids because as celebrated by Singer, ‘this mass of staccato and ill-affected kids is peculiarly at hazard to being exploited as kid soldiers ‘[ 32 ].Decision:To reason, it is indispensable to emphasize that HIV/AIDS can be considered as a major menace to African security for several grounds. It has been found that AIDS has had a weakening consequence upon African ground forcess by doing considerable losingss within the ranks particularly amongst persons with long military experience and cut downing soldiers readiness to deploy efficaciously. In Africa, it is established that the disease is progressively deteriorating the political stableness and constitution o f democracy in many states of the continent by gnawing their institutional base, in bend increasing corruptness and offering chances for rebellions as despair grows within the population. Therefore, the epidemic creates the conditions of instability within provinces favorable for armed groups to transport out onslaughts against the constitution and other enemy cultural groups. The likeliness of this scenario is reinforced by the loss of individuality that groups of population suffer. Those who have lost fond regard will turn to violence for endurance, which strengthens cultural groups and their inclination to prosecute in cultural force.Bibliography & A ; DiariesElbe, S. ( 2002 ) HIV/AIDS and the Changing Landscape of War in Africa.A International Security, A Vol. 27, No. 2. Collins, A ( erectile dysfunction. ) 2007, Contemporary Security Studies, 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, New York ; Oxford. Alexandra E. Kendall, February 22, 2011, U.S. Response to the Global Threat of HIV/AIDS: Basic Facts. AT THE AFRICAN SUMMIT ON HIV/AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS AND OTHER RELATED INFECTIOUS DISEASES ABUJA, NIGERIA aˆ? 24-27 APRIL 2001. Republic of South Africa, Department of Health, The National HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey of South Africa 2007 ; 2008. Sophie Lister, 2010, The Back Story: AIDS Orphans Leader ‘s Guide. Lester R. Brown, 2000. HIV Epidemic Restructuring Africa ‘s Population, World Watch Issue Alert, 31 October 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.globalissues.org/article/90/aids-in-africa HIV Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.stdservices.on.net/std/hiv-aids/details.htm entree day of the month = 26/11/2011. Gloria Edini, Introduction to HIV and AIDS: What You Need to Know. hypertext transfer protocol: //gloria.taboca.com/artigos/text2.html entree day of the month = 27/11/2012. Basic Facts About HIV/AIDS. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amfar.org/abouthiv/article.aspx? id=3352 # How_is_HIV_transmitted? entree day of the month = 26/11/2011. UNICEF ‘Immunization: Injection safety ‘ . WHO ( 2006, 27th June ) ‘Making Safe Blood Available in Africa ‘ . All Africa ( 2009, 30th December ) ‘Africa: HIV Transmission Via Transfusions in Continent Remains High ‘ . Basic Facts About HIV/AIDS, Op. Ann-Louise Colgan, Hazardous to Health: The World Bank and IMF in Africa, Africa Action, April 18, 2002. Samuels, Fiona ( 2009 ) HIV and exigencies: one size does non suit all, London: Overseas Development Institute. DR.A GORDON NATIONALA INTELLIGENCEA COUNCIL Washington, DC 20505, ( article ) .- hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nytimes.com/2007/07/31/opinion/31washington.html date=2007-07-31 entree date=2011/11/26. UNICEF â€Å" Battling anti-vaccination rumours: Lessons learned from instance surveies in Africa † .http: //www.path.org/vaccineresources/files/Combatting_Antivac_Rumors_UNICEF.pdf entree date=2011/11/26. Savelsberg PF, Ndonko FT, Schmidt-Ehry B. Sterilizing vaccinums or the political relations of the uterus: Retrospective survey of a rumour in the Cameroon. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 2000 ; 14:159-179. Clements CJ, Greenough P, Shull D. How vaccine safety can go political – the illustration of infantile paralysis in Nigeria. Current Drug Safety. 2006 ; 1:117-119. Alex De Waal, â€Å" ‘New-Variant ‘ Dearth: How Aids Has Changed the Hunger Equation † , November 20, 2002, available at. De Waal, A. ( 2003 ) How will HIV/AIDS transform African Governance? .A African Affairs, A 102, pp.1-23. McInnes, C. ( 2006 ) HIV/AIDS and security.A International Affairs, A Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 315-326. Ostergard, R. L. Jr. ( 2002 ) Politics in the hot zone: AIDS and national security in Africa.A Third World Quaterly, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 333-350. Peterson, S. ( 2002/3 ) Epidemic Disease and National Security.A Security Studies, A Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 43-81.

The Pianist

The Pianist 1. ‘The Pianist’ is about a Jewish pianist named Szpilman living in Poland and his time during World War II. He and his family are aware of the Nazis and Hitler’s designs on Poland but were convinced that the Nazis are a threat that will pass when England and France will come to aid Poland. In November 1940, all Jews were forced in the Warsaw Ghetto where living conditions were horrible. Soon after, the family was forced to go to concentration camps but Szpilman was saved by a friend. He becomes a slave but escapes and hides with the help of a non-Jewish friend.He was then discovered by another person who realizes that he is a Jew. His next hiding place was a room with a piano but was forced to be quiet. In 1944 he was forced to escape as a tank shells his hiding place. After, he became alone and desperately searches for food and water but was discovered by a German officer named Hosenfeld. After Szpilman tells him that he is a pianist, he was asked to play on the piano close by. His performance moves Hosenfeld and he hides Szpilman in an empty house and brings him food.In 1945, Hosenfeld meets Szpilman for the last time and he promises to listen to him on the radio also giving him his coat. Soon after, Polish soldiers tried to shoot him but stops when they realise that he is Polish. The next scene shows captured German soldiers, Hosenfeld being one of them. Later on, Szpilman is seen performing in an orchestra. 2. ‘The Pianist’ depicts the horrors of war through various film techniques. The lighting of the movie always seemed to be dark and gloomy showing how the war was a dark time for everyone.The realistic sounds of the gunshots create tension and anxiety to the audience. The scene where he was alone after his whole family was taken, is one that demonstrates the loneliness of war. The Jews, especially the main character are shown to have a miserable expression on their face throughout the movie. The music in the background seemed beautiful yet depressing showing how the beauty of life was destroyed by the vicious and destructiveness of war. As Szpilman hides in the destroyed hospital, he looked more gaunt and gloomy, his expression representing the horror and dreadfulness of war.Many of the camera shots portray Szpilman as a weak and small character while the Nazis are shown to be big and strong showing the difference between the Jews and the Nazis during World War II. 3. ‘The Pianist’ have taught me the horrors and dreadfulness of World War II through the perspective of a lone survivor. The film showed specific dates for certain events that were accurate – for example at the beginning it showed the date September 1939. It also showed the restrictions that the Jews had – when all of them had to wear the Yellow Star of David.It illustrates the horrible living conditions of the Warsaw Ghetto and how the Jews were treated there. The scene where an old man was thrown to death on a wheelchair and where a young child was beaten from the other side of the wall was some of them that showed how cruelly the Jews were treated. However, when Szpilman meets the German officer, it demonstrated that not all of the Nazis were bad. Most of the time, Szpilman is shown to be alone showing the loneliness that some people felt during the war. 4. ‘The Pianist’ was very historically accurate.The movie is based on a Holocaust survivor named Wladyslaw Szpilman and his time in Warsaw, Poland during World War II. Throughout the movie, there are specific dates for certain events, for example it showed on the 16th of August, 1942 the Jews were sent to concentration camps. The names were also accurate in this movie. The director of this film was also a survivor from the Holocaust which helps it become more accurate. 5. I would recommend this film to others as it is historically accurate and shows the horrors of war realistically.The film is through a perspec tive of an actual survivor from the Holocaust. It also received significant critical praise and won multiple awards and nominations. The sounds of war – gunshots were extremely realistic. The lighting and music suited with the mood of the film. The scenes were very detailed showing the horrors of war to a great extent. Therefore, ‘The Pianist’ is one of the most detailed and accurate films, with the atmosphere in Poland well captured and is one of the most realistic and touching Holocaust films. The Pianist Johnson 1 Kayla Johnson Prof. Hirchfelder, K-213 ENG2102, Sec. 06 26 March 2013 Scene Analysis Paper Musical Dependency The 2002 film, The Pianist directed by Roman Polanski focuses on the hardships of a well-known, local concert pianist, Wladyslaw Szpilman. Wladyslaw Szpilman is played by actor Adrien Brody, who does an excellent job portraying both the warmhearted side of Szpliman and the desperate struggling side we see later on in the film. The film is based on Szpilman’s book, The Pianist where he discusses true events he underwent during the German takeover of Warsaw.He was one of twenty survivors out of the 360,000 Jewish people killed from Warsaw, Poland. â€Å"Passion for Survival in Polanski’s The Pianist† by Diana Diamond reflects the direct and indirect use of music throughout the film. Diamond uses multiple scenes and circumstances to support her thoughts on Szpilman’s characterization as a pianist. Throughout The Pianist, Szpilman goes throug h a significant amount of trauma, whether it be done to him personally, his family or to strangers in his surroundings. Polanski uses many horrific scenes to prove just how brutal the German police are.Diamond identifies one in particular in her article, which stands out to me as well. â€Å"The Nazi’s disrupt a family at dinner, tossing an old man in a wheelchair out of the window for failing to rise when they enter and Johnson 2 shooting the rest of the family as they run down the street† (427). The German police clearly have no mercy on any of the Jewish citizens of Warsaw. This is only the beginning of the twisted and remorseless actions the German’s render upon the Jews. After about two hours into the film, Szpilman has reached his lowest point.He has been bombed out of just about every hiding place he can find, escaped control under Jewish police and is now struggling to survive in an abandoned house. The director, Polanski, throws certain elements into th e scene to depict him this way. He is unshaven, unbathed, and noticeably weak. His cloths are too big for him, signifying he has lost weight from eating so scantily. He is even limping because he was hurt just by jumping over a five foot fence. Szpilman has gone through every obstacle to be thrown at him until he breaks.Stumbling through this huge house he finds a single can of food and eagerly begins to search for something to open it. He finally comes across a fireplace poker. As he tries to stab his way into the can it falls to the ground and the camera enters an extreme close-up on it. By using a close-up we have nothing else to look at and nothing else to think about aside from this fallen can. Suddenly we see feet and the camera slowly tilts upward creating suspense until it reaches an extremely calm yet serious German officer.The officer speaks, â€Å"What are you doing here? † At first, Szpilman at a loss for words, in fear does not answer. â€Å"Who are you? â€℠¢ the officer asks, ‘Understand? † When Szpilman assures him he does the officer repeats, â€Å"What are you doing? † â€Å"I was†¦ trying to open this can. † Szpilman mumbles out. Johnson 3 Soon after the officer asks, â€Å"What do you do? † â€Å"I am†¦ I was, a pianist† Szpilman responds with every bit of dignity he has left. (2:01-2:03) The man standing in this scene looks entirely different from the spirited concert pianist we knew.It is almost hard for the audience to view Szpilman as the same man from the beginning of the film. However, with the proper use of dialogue Polanski reminds us he is still that man, he is a pianist. The scene directly following is used in Diana Diamond’s, â€Å"Passion for Survival in Polanski’s The Pianist† for music as a symbol throughout the film. Music is often used in films as a background component. It can create a sense of joy, distress, horror, even confidence can be cap tured with the use of a simple melody. Diamond finds music to be a source of uplift for Szpilman during the overall film.She exclaims, â€Å"We see him rescued from the edge of extinction, not only by the altruism of the German officer, but also by his own reconnection with his artistic power† (429). By playing the piano at this time Szpilman is proving to the officer he is who he says he is and therefore, unknowingly saving him in more ways than one. As Szpilman plays the piano after all this time he remembers who is he and that saves him more than anything. Diamond uses multiple examples to show how important music is to Szpilman. The importance of it is, in fact, shown as the first scene of the movie and sets the standard throughout the entire film. When the Nazi’s invade Warsaw and German bombs explode in the radio studio where Szpilman is performing, he persists in playing Chopin’s nocturne in C sharp minor, refusing to flee until shrapnel lacerates his fac e† (429). Even through a bomb attack Szpilman will not stop playing until he is given the signal from his partner that he has no other choice. Johnson 4 Many parts of the film also use music at times when words aren’t enough. The film is constantly relating music back to Szpilman’s father. Towards the beginning the family decides to hide their money in the father’s violin.Thus symbolizing the sense of security a father carries in the family. Later we see his violin being violently taken from him by a Nazi guard right before deportation, where he loses all control over his families’ security just like losing his violin. Diamond reflects the impact of this scene on Szpilman, â€Å"the instrapsychic trauma of the son witnessing the father’s impending destruction, the state of utter desolation and remorse over this, and the restoration of the father and paternal authority internally in the son’s will to live and survive† (430).Music acts as the symbol of Wladyslaw’s relationship with his father, it brings them together. After Szpilman must watch his father so helpless and defeated it fuels him to survive in honor of him. Roman Polanski’s film, The Pianist and Diana Diamond’s article, â€Å"Passion for Survival in Polanski’s The Pianist† bring together the symbolism of music during the film. We enjoy the beautiful sounds of Wladyslaw Szpilman playing the piano while also understanding how music exemplifies his strength in survival throughout the Nazi’s takeover of Warsaw.Szpilman used music to remember who he was when he was lost the most and also to remember who his father was. He survives and lives on as a musician in his memory. Works Cited Boggs, Joseph. Petrie, Dennis. The Art of Watching Films. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print. Diamond, Diana. â€Å"Passion for Survival in Polanski's The Pianist. † Psychoanalytic Inquiry 27. 4 (2007): 425-39. Prin t. The Pianist. Dir. Roman Polanski. Perf. Adrien Brody. 2002. DVD. The Pianist The Pianist 1. ‘The Pianist’ is about a Jewish pianist named Szpilman living in Poland and his time during World War II. He and his family are aware of the Nazis and Hitler’s designs on Poland but were convinced that the Nazis are a threat that will pass when England and France will come to aid Poland. In November 1940, all Jews were forced in the Warsaw Ghetto where living conditions were horrible. Soon after, the family was forced to go to concentration camps but Szpilman was saved by a friend. He becomes a slave but escapes and hides with the help of a non-Jewish friend.He was then discovered by another person who realizes that he is a Jew. His next hiding place was a room with a piano but was forced to be quiet. In 1944 he was forced to escape as a tank shells his hiding place. After, he became alone and desperately searches for food and water but was discovered by a German officer named Hosenfeld. After Szpilman tells him that he is a pianist, he was asked to play on the piano close by. His performance moves Hosenfeld and he hides Szpilman in an empty house and brings him food.In 1945, Hosenfeld meets Szpilman for the last time and he promises to listen to him on the radio also giving him his coat. Soon after, Polish soldiers tried to shoot him but stops when they realise that he is Polish. The next scene shows captured German soldiers, Hosenfeld being one of them. Later on, Szpilman is seen performing in an orchestra. 2. ‘The Pianist’ depicts the horrors of war through various film techniques. The lighting of the movie always seemed to be dark and gloomy showing how the war was a dark time for everyone.The realistic sounds of the gunshots create tension and anxiety to the audience. The scene where he was alone after his whole family was taken, is one that demonstrates the loneliness of war. The Jews, especially the main character are shown to have a miserable expression on their face throughout the movie. The music in the background seemed beautiful yet depressing showing how the beauty of life was destroyed by the vicious and destructiveness of war. As Szpilman hides in the destroyed hospital, he looked more gaunt and gloomy, his expression representing the horror and dreadfulness of war.Many of the camera shots portray Szpilman as a weak and small character while the Nazis are shown to be big and strong showing the difference between the Jews and the Nazis during World War II. 3. ‘The Pianist’ have taught me the horrors and dreadfulness of World War II through the perspective of a lone survivor. The film showed specific dates for certain events that were accurate – for example at the beginning it showed the date September 1939. It also showed the restrictions that the Jews had – when all of them had to wear the Yellow Star of David.It illustrates the horrible living conditions of the Warsaw Ghetto and how the Jews were treated there. The scene where an old man was thrown to death on a wheelchair and where a young child was beaten from the other side of the wall was some of them that showed how cruelly the Jews were treated. However, when Szpilman meets the German officer, it demonstrated that not all of the Nazis were bad. Most of the time, Szpilman is shown to be alone showing the loneliness that some people felt during the war. 4. ‘The Pianist’ was very historically accurate.The movie is based on a Holocaust survivor named Wladyslaw Szpilman and his time in Warsaw, Poland during World War II. Throughout the movie, there are specific dates for certain events, for example it showed on the 16th of August, 1942 the Jews were sent to concentration camps. The names were also accurate in this movie. The director of this film was also a survivor from the Holocaust which helps it become more accurate. 5. I would recommend this film to others as it is historically accurate and shows the horrors of war realistically.The film is through a perspec tive of an actual survivor from the Holocaust. It also received significant critical praise and won multiple awards and nominations. The sounds of war – gunshots were extremely realistic. The lighting and music suited with the mood of the film. The scenes were very detailed showing the horrors of war to a great extent. Therefore, ‘The Pianist’ is one of the most detailed and accurate films, with the atmosphere in Poland well captured and is one of the most realistic and touching Holocaust films.

THE SPRING WIND Essays - Rabbits And Hares, Calf, Cattle

THE SPRING WIND Essays - Rabbits And Hares, Calf, Cattle THE SPRING WIND A Maple was sleeping the whole winter. As a dream, he heard the howl of a snowstorm and alarming cry of a black raven. A cold wind swung brunches of the Maple and bent them. One sunny morning the Maple felt as if something warm and gentle touched him slightly. The Maple awoke. It was a warm spring wind moving about. Dont sleep anymore, - a spring wind whispered. Awake, spring is drawing near. Where is she the spring?asked the Maple. The swallows are bringing her on their wings - said the Wind. I have flown from the far land, from the warm sea. The spring is coming along the fields. She has decorated herself with flowers the Spring Beauty. The swallowsare bringing colored ribbons on their wings. Here is a story of a warm spring Wind told to the Maple. The Maple sighed, straightened shoulders. The buds turned green because the Spring-Beauty was coming. Activity 1. Questions for discussion 1)Who was sleeping the whole winter? 2)What did the Maple hear through the sleep? 3)Who swung the branches of the Maple? 4)When did the Maple awake? 5)Who was bringing the spring? 6)Who decorated the Spring-Beauty? 7)Who were the friends of the Spring-Beauty? Activity 2. Act out the talk between the Maple and the spring wind. Pupil 1 (spring wind): Dont sleep anymore. Awake, spring is drawing near. Pupil 2 (the Maple): Where is she the spring? Pupil 1 (spring wind): The swallows are bringing her on their wings. I have flown from the far land, from the warm sea. The spring is coming along the fields. She has decorated herself with flowers the Spring Beauty. The swallowsare bringing colored ribbons on their wings. Activity 3.Pictures Activity 4. Crossword Down 1)The spring is coming along the _____. 2)The ______ are bringing colored ribbons on their wings. 3)The Maple felt as if something ____ and gentle touched him slightly. 4)The swallows are bringing her on their _____. 5)A cold ___swung brunches of the Maple. 6) It was a warm ____ wind moving about. Across 1)A ____was sleeping the whole winter. 2)Awake, spring is ______ near. 3)She has decorated herself with ______. 4)The Maple sighed, straightened _____. Activity 5. Drawing the picture One needs to paint a picture using the elements to display an object. Describe what is shown. THE LARGE AND THE SMALL A Calf has been born to a cow Liska. The Calf is too little yet but he can already kick. The Calf comes up to the cow, drinks milk enough and wants to go for a walk. He walks about the yard and suddenly sees a little animal. The Calf touches a little animal. It is covered with a soft down, softer then the mothers one. A little animal looks at the huge one. The Calf has screwed up his eyes and is sitting quietly, quietly. Who are you? - asks the Calf. I am an old Mother Rabbit, - answers the little animal. Are you really old? - wonders the Calf. - Does it mean you have got children? Oh, yes. I have got little Rabbits. And who are you? I m a little Calf, - he answers. - I have just been born. Cant you have been born just now? - wonders an old Rabbit. It is strange you are so little yet and at the same time so big. And you are already the old mother Rabbit but so little at the same time, - the Calf has been surprised again. Is everything in the world really so astonishing? Activity 1. Questions for discussion 1)What is a cows name? 2)What does a Calf see in the yard? 3)Who is bigger: a Calf or a Rabbit? 4)Who is older: a Rabbit or a Calf? 5)Who is little and big at the same time? 6)Why is world so astonishing? 7)Why the tale is cold The large and the small? Activity 2. Find in the text. 1) . 2) . 3) . 4) . 5) , - . . 6) ? Activity 3. Who said? 1)Who are you? 2)I am an old Mother Rabbit 3) Does it mean you have got children? 4)Oh, yes. I have got little Rabbits. And who are you? 5)I have just been born. 6)It is strange you are so little yet and at the same time so big. 7)And you are already the old mother Rabbit but so

Free Essays on The Road Less Traveled

Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"The Road Less Traveled† amazingly first written was not intended to convey certain aspects of what it is now interpreted as. Life is a road with different paths. Taking one path over another forever changes the course of ones life for the good or bad. Though Frost’s poem as he told was about him getting separated from his friend in the woods. It can’t be denied that this poem clearly shows his beliefs, that it is the road that someone chooses that makes them who they are today or who they will become. With the first line opening â€Å"And Sorry† already you get a sense of regret. â€Å"...I could not travel both† what opportunities will be missed? That is why it is difficult to make a decision. You can’t travel down every path you want. It isn’t possible to do everything. â€Å",long I stood And looked down one as far as I could† Never the less you still have to make a decision in where you want to go. He looks down the path to where it bent in the undergrowth, trying to see an outcome. This isn’t possible though, as any choice you make, the complete outcome is never known. â€Å"Then took the other as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim,† The other path he looked at, looked really the same as the other but he thought one having the better claim. If they both look just as fair, something must make it have the better claim. â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear;† The next two lines may begin to confuse. â€Å"Though as for that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same,† One path looks like it needs wear to him thought it may not to other people. He was interested in taking that path not of the majority. Something he hasn’t done before makes him want to experience it. The traveler then if choosing ‘the path less traveled† only shows his personality. Not following the crowd but doing what he wants, what he has never ... Free Essays on The Road Less Traveled Free Essays on The Road Less Traveled Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"The Road Less Traveled† amazingly first written was not intended to convey certain aspects of what it is now interpreted as. Life is a road with different paths. Taking one path over another forever changes the course of ones life for the good or bad. Though Frost’s poem as he told was about him getting separated from his friend in the woods. It can’t be denied that this poem clearly shows his beliefs, that it is the road that someone chooses that makes them who they are today or who they will become. With the first line opening â€Å"And Sorry† already you get a sense of regret. â€Å"...I could not travel both† what opportunities will be missed? That is why it is difficult to make a decision. You can’t travel down every path you want. It isn’t possible to do everything. â€Å",long I stood And looked down one as far as I could† Never the less you still have to make a decision in where you want to go. He looks down the path to where it bent in the undergrowth, trying to see an outcome. This isn’t possible though, as any choice you make, the complete outcome is never known. â€Å"Then took the other as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim,† The other path he looked at, looked really the same as the other but he thought one having the better claim. If they both look just as fair, something must make it have the better claim. â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear;† The next two lines may begin to confuse. â€Å"Though as for that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same,† One path looks like it needs wear to him thought it may not to other people. He was interested in taking that path not of the majority. Something he hasn’t done before makes him want to experience it. The traveler then if choosing ‘the path less traveled† only shows his personality. Not following the crowd but doing what he wants, what he has never ...

Gas consumption in the united states Research Paper

Gas consumption in the united states - Research Paper Example A study of gas consumption can help alleviate challenge and improve on efficient use of the commodity. The negative externalities can also be addressed after knowing the extent of gasoline use. The purpose of this research paper is to find how petrol tax, average income, proportion of driver’s population, paved way affects consumption of petrol gas. For this research, the data covers forty eight states and the sample represents the whole population. Introduction The research bases its data from the individual that owns vehicles and firm owner with the appliance that use petrol. Furthermore, the research targets small and large companies all industries. The availability of this information is crucial in preparing this report as it assures of credibility of the source of raw data. The report is reliable because the majorities of the respondent are literate and have the expertise and ability to give information accurately and provide insight in the gas industry. The report relies on a grass root survey of the entire gas industry for one year and forecasts on future consumption. The forecast of the report reveals a combined outcome of an entire target population. The methods used to collect and analyses the data limit a margin of error less than plus or minus 0.2%. Therefore, I can guarantee that the research paper provides a true picture of gas consumption in a year (Hejny S, etal 2003). ... dia have reported that gasoline has become cheaper, and the U.S is less dependent on imports from the Middle East, but this information remains elusive. The president on September 18 said that the country is not yet oil independent, but there is a boom of oil production that could benefit the country in future (Stratfor Geopolitical Diary, 2013). Oil production in the country skyrocketed to a high of 8 million barrels in a day, the highest production since 1989. Energy is used in heating and production of petrochemicals products. The usage can be broadly categorized to power generation and transport fuels. All the countries energy comprises natural gas, renewable wind power, coal, and finally nuclear power. In the U.S, petrol is derived from imports and domestic production of crude oil. The country produce it own coal and is almost being independent in its natural gas. The U.S and Canada oil deposit are not sufficient to rid off the country from global suppliers (Stratfor Geopolitica l Diary, 2013). One of the main agenda of the U.S government is security, and the country cannot produce enough energy for its people. Therefore, increasing production of oil ensures energy security for the country. However, this cannot be the only way to cure ‘addiction’ to oil. Companies like the GM and Tesla are now developing electric cars that use battery instead of oil. This technology can swipe the use of gas to electricity in the near future (Stratfor Geopolitical Diary, 2013)Â   The energy consumption in the United States has decreased compared to China. China currently tops the world in energy consumption. The U.S consumption has decreased by 1.6% since 2007. It has, however, consumed twice that of the European countries. In 2011, oil was the main source of energy at 36% with

HR COMPANY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HR COMPANY - Essay Example Human resources management department of a company is responsible for the execution of crucial tasks such as recruitment and selection of new employees and ensuring employee motivation, among other tasks relating to employees. Since employees have a high influence on the productivity of a company, the human resources management should perform explicitly. This paper focuses on Google Inc Company, addressing its human resources practices, including strengths and weaknesses in this department. Google Inc is an international company, which has its focus on innovation. It aims at improving better ways through which people communicate and connect by use of information. It is among the 500 fortune companies, with enormous revenues. In the United States, Google has employed approximately 20,000 people, and its job growth rate stands at 33 per cent. Today, the technology has advanced at an alarming rate, therefore, the needs of customers in the market have subsequently revolutionized. Since G oogle Inc is a technology-based company, this has called for it to renovate a number of its products in order to meet the needs of its customers (Anthony Web). The good thing about Google Inc is how it has managed to remain reputable as one of the most successful company worldwide. This is with regard to its profits and the way it meets the needs of its customers. Secondly, Google Inc is identified as one of the topmost best employers in the world. Google Inc is one of the top companies known to invest heavily in its human resources, for high productivity. This company has adopted various human resources practices, including recruitment, training, motivation, and compensation, among others. All these are aimed at making the employees perform well, and this is the reason why this company is ranked among the world’s best employers (Anthony Web). Google Inc scores high on employee satisfaction, compared to other companies. This is because of the kind of work environment the comp any sets for its employees, which boosts their motivation. In this company, new employees are trained and familiarized with the company culture before starting the job. This therefore, gives them the knowledge of what their employer expects from them in meeting the company goals. Google Inc is also good at recruitment. Since it is an international company, it values diversity, and this is reflected in its workforce. Despite recruiting from different regions of the world, Google Inc still manages to identify the best candidates, who have contributed to its success (Walker Web). Motivation for employees is through different ways. First, Google Inc is one of the companies with the best salary package for employees. Apart from salary, there is a variety of benefits for employees. For instance, the recently unleashed death benefit in the company aims at compensating the deceased employees’ families. Upon death, a family gets 50 per cent of the deceased employee’s salary for the next ten years. Additionally, their partners are entitled to stock benefits, in addition to $1,000 monthly for all children until they reach nineteen years (Casserly Web). In order to ensure that employees update their skills, Google Inc has a training programme through GoogleEDU. This in-house programme helps employees boost their skills for better performance on their job. The leadership style adopted by this company is participatory, whereby all